Macro Economics
June 2021
Examination
1.
Explain the Base and Majour Importance of Macro Economics (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
INTRODUCTION:
Macroeconomics is basically that branch of economics where the
economy or economic aspects are dealt with as a whole, in an aggregate, in
toto. In other words, it doesn’t study individual firms or industry rather
studies the economic system as a whole. Mainly, the aggregates are studied in
Macroeconomics. These aggregates include National Income, Investment, Aggregate
Demand, Aggregate Supply, Its Half solved only
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2. Explain the Two Sector Model of Economy with its
Genesis & Circular Flow of Income in 2 Sector Economy. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
INTRODUCTION:
An economy is a territorial area or limits
within which the activities of production, distribution, consumption takes
place. It is an area where the demand arises, and in order to fulfill that
demand, the production of goods and services happens. The concept of the
economy has been explained by economists in various ways; two sector model of
the economy is one of them where there exist
3.a. You are given the following data. Calculate GNP and
GDP at factor cost. (5 Marks)
|
GNPMP |
600 |
|
Indirect Taxes |
50 |
|
Subsidies |
30 |
|
NFIA |
100 |
|
Depreciation |
50 |
|
Transfer payments |
15 |
|
Retained Earnings of
Companies |
25 |
|
Personal Taxes |
15 |
|
Personal Savings |
80 |
Ans 3a.
INTRODUCTION:
National income refers to the
income-generating in the country within a single financial year. It even
includes all kinds of payments and expenditures on the part of citizens.
Payments like
Advanced Financial Accounting
1. Ankit,
Bobby and Kartik were partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio 4:3:3.
The firm was dissolved on 31-3-2018. Pass the necessary Journal entries for the
following transactions after various assets (other than cash and bank) and
third party liabilities had been transferred to Realisation Account:
(i) The firm
had stock of ₹ 80,000. Ankit took over 50% of the stock at a discount of 20%
while the remaining stock was sold off at a profit of 30% on cost.
(ii) A
liability under a suit for damages included in creditors was settled at ₹
32,000 as against only ₹ 13,000 provided in the books. Total creditors of the
firm were ₹ 50,000.
(iii) Bobby’s
sister’s loan of ₹ 20,000 was paid off along with interest of ₹ 2,000.
(iv) Kartik’s
Loan of₹ 12,000 was settled at ₹ 12,500. (10 Marks)
SOLUTION:
Introduction:
A partnership is a
legal form of business whereby two or more people agree to share the profits
and liabilities. In India, the partnership is governed by the Indian
Partnership Act, 1932. The partners to the association may decide to enter into
a written partnership agreement or the partnership deed, which enlists the
various clauses that may govern the partnership from its inception to the
conclusion if it takes place. The parties to a partnership arrangement can be
individuals, NGOs, or governments. Partnership arrangement can be of three
types:
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2. X Ltd and Z
Ltd amalgamated on and from 1st January 2020. A new company XZ Ltd was formed
to take over the business of the existing companies.
Balance sheet
as on 31.12.2019
|
Liabilities |
X
Ltd |
Z
Ltd |
Assets |
X
Ltd |
Y
Ltd |
|
Equity
share capital
Rs.10 |
60,00,000 |
70,00,000 |
Sundry Fixed
assets |
85,00,000 |
75,00,000 |
|
General Reserve |
15,00,000 |
20,00,000 |
Investment |
10,50,000 |
5,50,000 |
|
Profit
& Loss A/c |
10,00,000 |
5,00,000 |
Stock |
12,50,000 |
27,50,000 |
|
Statutory Reserves |
5,50,000 |
2,00,000 |
Debtors |
18,00,000 |
40,00,000 |
|
12% Debentures |
30,00,000 |
40,00,000 |
Bank
& Cash |
4,50,000 |
4,00,000 |
|
Sundry Creditor |
10,00,000 |
15,00,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
1,30,50,000 |
1,52,00,000 |
|
1,30,50,000 |
1,52,00,000 |
Z Ltd issued
enough number equity shares for the net assets, compute purchase
consideration
and mode of discharge thereof draft the balance sheet of XZ Ltd after
amalgamation. (10 Marks) –
SOLUTION:
Introduction:
Amalgamation
can be defined as the combination of one or more entities to form a new legal
entity. It includes:
- Formation of a new company by joining two or more
companies;
- Absorption of a weaker company by another
stronger company
Thus,
amalgamation includes absorption. The company that transfers its assets or
liabilities to another company in amalgamation is known as the transferor, and
the company into which
3.a. The
relations between partners to one another are determined by their partnership
agreement. The partnership agreement normally provides for the rights and
duties of the partners, the conduct and management of the firm, the capital and
their profit-sharing arrangement. The Partnership Act 1961 applies in the
absence of provisions being made under the agreement. Discuss. (5 Marks)
SOLUTION:
Introduction:
A
partnership is a business form between two or more persons governed by the
Indian Partnership Act, 1932. The partnership agreement is a written agreement
between the partners of a legally binding partnership firm. It is also known as
a partnership deed. The partnership agreement defines the applicable clauses in
the event of retirement, resignation, or death of any of the existing partners.
It also lists down the conditions for the admission of a new
3.b. M/s
Mehta and sons earn an average profit of rupees 60,000 with a capital of rupees
4,00,000. The normal rate of return is 10%. Using capitalization of super
profits method calculate the value the goodwill of the firm. (5 Marks)
Introduction:
The goodwill of the
business can be defined as the reputation of the business. It is an intangible
asset that arises in the event of a merger or acquisition of the company. When
the price paid for acquiring the business is more than the net value of assets
and liabilities acquired, the difference amount is goodwill.
Concept and
application:
Goodwill has no
separate existence and exists with the business. In the case of a company,
goodwill must be valued when amalgamation or absorption occurs.
The different
methods to value goodwill are:
1. Average profits
method
Business Statistics for Decision Making
1. Apply Regression Model and
find out b0 and b1, additionally,
try
to find out Karl Person’s
Correlation
Coefficient.
Write
the interpretation
covering correlation
and estimated quantities in regression
analysis (b0 and b1 only).
The below given table
show the Region wise
sales of Govind Chips, the data is collected
for
26 districts of Gujarat.
Reference period of this data is 2019-2020.
Sales figures
are
in lakhs and spending in
advertisement is also given
in Lakhs.
|
District |
Sales
(00,000' INR) |
Amount spending
in Advertisement (00,000' INR) |
|
Kachchh |
40 |
3.6 |
|
Banas Kantha |
19 |
2.1 |
|
Patan |
20 |
2.2 |
|
Mahesana |
30 |
2.5 |
|
Sabar Kantha |
27 |
2.3 |
|
Gandhinagar |
50 |
6 |
|
Ahmadabad |
49 |
5 |
|
Surendranagar |
26 |
2.3 |
|
Rajkot |
45 |
3.7 |
|
Jamnagar |
48 |
3.8 |
|
Porbandar |
14 |
1.7 |
|
Junagadh |
44 |
3.6 |
|
Amreli |
32 |
2.8 |
|
Bhavnagar |
29 |
2.3 |
|
Anand |
33 |
3 |
|
Kheda |
14 |
1.8 |
|
Panch Mahals |
45 |
3.9 |
|
Dohad |
13 |
1.5 |
|
Vadodara |
49 |
4.5 |
|
Narmada |
25 |
2 |
|
Bharuch |
39 |
3.5 |
|
The Dangs |
11 |
1 |
|
Navsari |
18 |
2 |
|
Valsad |
30 |
2.9 |
|
Surat |
48 |
4 |
|
Tapi |
17 |
1.9 |
(10 Marks)
Answer 1 :
Regression analysis is a form of predictive modelling technique
that looks into the relationship between a dependent (target) and an
independent (s) variable (predictor). Forecasting, time series modelling, and evaluating
the causal effect relationship between variables are all achieved with this
technique. The association between rash driving and the number of road
accidents caused by a driver, for example, is best tested using regression.
Regression analysis is a
vital method for data modelling and analysis. In this case, we fit a Its Half solved only
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2. Three airlines
is providing services
in Rajkot, a city in
Gujarat.
Airline
‘Saras’ has
50% of all
the
scheduled
flights, airline
‘Yug’ has
30%, and
airline
‘Pushpak’ has the
remaining
20%.
Their on-time rates
are 80%,
65%,
and 40%, respectively.
A plane has just left on time from Rajkot Airport. What is the probability that it will reach to its
destination on time?
Note: It
is mandatory to
Prepare Probability Tree Diagram
(10 Marks)
Answer 2 :
Three airlines are providing airline services in Rajkot, a city in
Gujrat. Airline Saras has 50 % of all the scheduled flights, airline Yug has 30
% and airline Pushpak has the remaining 20 % of the total airline traffic in
the business.
It is given that there are three airlines; those serve a small town
in Ohio. Airline A has 50% of all the scheduled flights, airline B has 30%, and
airline C has the remaining 20%. Their on-time rates are 80%, 65%, and 40%,
respectively.
Let us consider,
3.a. 10000 ‘Roshani’ light bulbs
with a mean life of
150 days are installed in a new
factory and their length
of life is normally distributed
with standard deviation of 10 days. How many Roshani-bulbs will expire in less than 160 days? (5 Marks)
Answer 3 a :
10000 Roshni light bulbs with a mean life of 150 days are installed
in new machinery and their length of life is normally distributed with the
standard deviations of 10 days.
How many Roshni bulbs will expire in less than 160 days.
The value of Z when the Roshni light bulbs will expire in less than
160 days is as follows :
3.b.
Plot the appropriate Graph. Here, objective is to show the linear relationship between the sales
of the product and
amount spent in advertisement
of a
certain product.
Based on the graphical output write your comment on linear association between these
two variables.
Note: Participants may use MS-EXCEL,
or they may prepare it on
a piece of paper.
(5 Marks)
|
Region
No. |
Sales (000' INR) |
Amount
Spent
in Advertisement (000' INR) |
|
1 |
260.3 |
5 |
|
2 |
286.1 |
7 |
|
3 |
279.4 |
6 |
|
4 |
410.8 |
9 |
|
5 |
438.2 |
12 |
|
6 |
315.3 |
8 |
|
7 |
565.1 |
11 |
|
8 |
570 |
16 |
|
9 |
426.1 |
13 |
|
10 |
315 |
7 |
|
11 |
403.6 |
10 |
|
12 |
220.5 |
4 |
|
13 |
343.6 |
9 |
|
14 |
644.6 |
17 |
|
15 |
520.4 |
19 |
|
16 |
329.5 |
9 |
|
17 |
426 |
11 |
|
18 |
343.2 |
8 |
|
19 |
450.4 |
13 |
|
20 |
421.8 |
14 |
|
21 |
245.6 |
7 |
|
22 |
503.3 |
16 |
|
23 |
375.7 |
9 |
|
24 |
265.5 |
5 |
|
25 |
620.6 |
18 |
|
26 |
450.5 |
18 |
|
27 |
270.1 |
5 |
|
28 |
368 |
7 |
|
29 |
556.1 |
12 |
|
30 |
570 |
13 |
|
31 |
318.5 |
8 |
|
32 |
260.2 |
6 |
|
33 |
667 |
16 |
|
34 |
618.3 |
19 |
|
35 |
525.3 |
17 |
|
36 |
332.2 |
10 |
|
37 |
393.2 |
12 |
|
38 |
283.5 |
8 |
|
39 |
376.2 |
10 |
|
40 |
481.8 |
12 |
Answer 3 ( b) :
Line graph presentation of the sales for all the 40 data that has
been collected is as follows :
Corporate
Accounting
1. InfoSoft Technologies
Ltd is a company incorporated in India in 2002 and currently it has INR 200
million of authorized capital, of which 50% is issued, subscribed and fully
paid-up. The company also has excellent credit rating in the debt market. Currently,
the company is planning to expand its business to get into new-age technology
consulting and also geographically. It has a requirement of INR 100 million
funding. List and explain various methods of raising finance, along with the
advantages and suitability of each method to the company. (10 Marks)
SOLUTION:
Introduction:
A company needs
funds to carry out its day-to-day operations as well as for expansion. The
company's funds are collectively displayed as capital on the Balance Sheet's
liability side. The firm's capital structure is a mixture of all long-term
funding sources and some specific short-term liabilities, including Equity
Capital, Reserves and Surplus, Preference Share Capital, Loans or Debentures,
banknotes, and bonds.
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2. A company provides the
below information:
|
(in Rs. Crores) |
FY 2016 |
FY 2017 |
FY 2018 |
FY 2019 |
FY2020 |
|
Earnings per share (Rs.) |
1.14 |
1.56 |
1.91 |
1.97 |
1.98 |
|
Capital (Rs. Crore) |
1000 |
1260 |
1300 |
1450 |
1600 |
The company’s
management expects to earn a ROI of at least 15% on its capital. The face value
of the share is Rs. 10. What would be the value you would fix to each share of
this company, purely based on the above information (10 Marks)
SOLUTION:
Introduction:
Every company
employs capital in the business to earn returns in the form of profit. These
profits are known as return on capital employed (ROCE). It is a financial ratio
that can evaluate a company's profitability and efficiency of capital. In
simpler words, ROCE reflects the company's capacity to generate profits on the
capital it has put in the business.
The ROCE ratio is
among the numerous profitability ratios that financial managers, shareholders,
and prospective investors may look after while considering any company's
investment.
3. Horizon
Limited acquired 60% stake in Hope Ltd. Horizon Limited paid INR 144
millions in
cash for their interest in Hope Ltd. The fair value of the assets of Hope Ltd
is INR 360 millions, and the fair value of its liabilities is INR 180 millions.
Pass journal entries for the acquisition as per Ind-AS guidelines for the
below:
a. Entry or
entries for takeover of assets and liabilities (5 Marks)
SOLUTION:
Introduction:
When an entity
obtains control over the other entity by acquiring its assets or liabilities or
acquiring net assets, or developing significant equity interest, such a
transaction is known as Business Combination as per Ind-AS 103. However, the
word control should be taken based on the definition as mentioned in Ind-AS
110, whereby control is determined based on three
b. Define the
term purchase consideration. Pass Entry or entries for payment of purchase
consideration (5 Marks)
(Make suitable
assumptions if required and mention the same)
SOLUTION:
Introduction:
Purchase
consideration in the business combination transaction shall be calculated as
the Total fair value of Assets acquired, including cash, Total liabilities
incurred at fair value, and the acquirer's equity interest.
However, sometimes
the assets and liabilities transferred are not gone out of the business and
Employability
Skills - II Tally
1.
Please
Create a Company in Tally Using Following Mentioned Details: - (10 Marks)
Company Name: - Zen Foundation.
Primary Mailing Details.
Mailing Name: - Zen Foundation.
Address: - Western Express Highway, Andheri (East), Mumbai.
Country: - India
State: - Maharashtra.
Pin Code: - 400 099.
Contact Details.
Phone No.: - 022-224466
Mobile No.: - 99000 00000
Fax No.: -
E-mail: - z@gmail.com
Website:-
Books & Financial Year Details.
Financial Year Begins from: - 1-4-2020
Books Beginning from: - 1-4-2020
Security Control.
Use Security Control: - No
Base Currency Information.
Base Currency symbol: - Rs.
Formal Name: - INR
Suffix Symbol to Amount: - No
Add Space between Amt & Symbol: - Yes
Show Amount in Millions: - No.
Number of Decimal Places: - 2
Word Representing amount after Decimal: - Paisa
Number of Decimal Places for Amt in Words: - 2
Ans :
In this project there is utilization of Tally software for creating an
organization named, Zen foundation. In this creation process all of the details
for the organization have been filled in Tally software. The tally workings
have been described in the below part of this project. The first section of
this study requires creating the organization in Tally. The first section of
this project consists of organization creation in Tally. In that section all of
the required details have been added in Tally for the organization. In the next
section there is a requirement of maintaining the ratios for the organization
by using the Tally software. In that section the financial year 2020-21 has
been calculated for the organization. In the ultimate section Its
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2. Please find out following Numbers/Ratios from provided tally backup
for the Financial Year 2020-21 & 2021-22. (10 Marks)
|
Particulars |
FY
2020-21 |
FY
2021-22 |
|
Working Capital |
? |
5,55,630.92 |
|
Cash-in-Hand |
? |
? |
|
Bank Accounts |
1,64,940.00 |
? |
|
Sundry Debtors |
? |
3,06,000.00 |
|
Sundry Creditors |
1,03,000.00 |
? |
|
Sales Accounts |
? |
27,28,000.00 |
|
Purchase Accounts |
14,65,660.00 |
? |
|
Stock-in-Hand |
? |
1,49,830.92 |
|
Net Profit |
? |
? |
|
Working. Capital Turnover |
5.73 |
? |
|
Inventory Turnover |
? |
18.21 |
|
Current Ratio |
? |
? |
|
Quick Ratio |
3.72:1 |
? |
|
Debt/Equity Ratio |
? |
0.00:1 |
|
Gross Profit % |
43.47% |
? |
|
Net Profit % |
? |
5.11% |
|
Average monthly Sales |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comparison
with Previous Year |
|
% |
|
Sales |
Increase/Decrease |
|
|
Purchase |
Increase/Decrease |
|
|
Net Profit |
Increase/Decrease |
|
Ans :
|
|
FY2020-21 |
FY2021-22 |
|
Working capital(w.N9) |
429944.78 |
555630.92 |
|
cash in hand |
|
|
|
Bank accounts |
164940.00 |
|
|
Sundry debtors |
|
306000 |
|
Sundry creditors |
103000.00 |
|
|
Sales accounts(W.N2) |
259263.21 |
2728000 |
|
Purchase accounts(W.N8) |
1465660.00 |
2588552.95 |
|
Stock in hand(W.N1) |
149784.78 |
149830.92 |
|
Net profit(W.N5) |
1127016.35 |
139400.80 |
3. Ledger Creation and Accounting Entries in Tally.
a. Create Following Ledger accounts in tally in Zen Foundation: - (5
Marks)
|
Account
Name |
Type (under) |
|
Capital A/C |
Capital Account |
|
Bank A/C |
Bank Account |
|
Sales A/C |
Sales Account |
|
Purchases A/C |
Purchases Account |
|
Rent Expenses A/C |
Expenses (Indirect) |
|
Commission Received A/C |
Income (Indirect) |
|
Commission Receivable A/C |
Current asset. |
Ans :
Ledger Creation and Accounting Entries in Tally
1.
|
Account Name |
Type (under) |
|
Capital A//C |
Capital Account |
Path: - Gateway of Tally – Accounts Info. –
Ledgers – Create
Enter Capital A/c as name. And under Capital
Account
b. Pass the Following Entries in Zen Foundation. (5 Marks)
1. Capital Introduced in organization in Bank Rs. 1,20,000/- & in
Cash Rs. 30,000/- on 1st April 2020.
2. Cash Deposited in bank on 2nd April 2020 Rs. 15,000/-.
3. Cash purchase of Rs. 40,000/- on 1st May 2020.(Paid From Bank)
4. Cash Sales of Rs. 30,000/- on 31st May 2020.(Received In bank)
5. Rent Paid Rs. 10,000/- by Cheque on 2nd June 2020.
6. Commission receivable dues on 1st July 2020.
7. Commission received in bank Rs. 4,000/- on 31st July 2020.
8. Cash withdrawn from Bank Rs. 10,000/- on 2nd August 2020.
9. Debit Note Sent to Supplier For Rs. 2,000/- on 1st Oct 2020.
10. Debit Note Received from customer for Rs. 3,000/- on 1st Nov 2020.
(To be enter in Credit Note.)
Ans :
1st
April bank a/c - dr 1,20,000
Cash a/c - dr 30,000
To capital a/c
1,50,000
(Being capita introduce)
2nd April bank a/c - dr 15,000
To cash a/c
15,000
(Being cash deposited in bank)
Environment and Disaster Management
1. The Weather bureau issues an emergency alert of an impending cyclone by
the name of “Cyclone Alpha” expected to hit Mumbai, India on May 31, 2021. This
information is relayed to the State Government officials on May 24, 2021. You
are in charge of NDRF (National Disaster Response Force). Suggest various
modern disaster management steps to help the city better prepare for the
onslaught of the cyclone.(10 Marks)
SOLUTION
Introduction
Cyclone, the terminology, has a spatial
variation based on the location where they are originated. Tropical cyclone's magnitude
differs from region to region. Of course, through Sattelites and MET
Department's data analysis, we can predict the huge or low impact of any
cyclone, which can wreck disasters in regions with inherent vulnerabilities.
So, being in charge of NDRF, a few disaster management steps are being
recommended for Mumbai; the city is about to be affected by "Cyclone
Alpha" Its Half solved only
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2. India's
capital New Delhi has faced an Air Quality Index of 999 which is rated as a
"severe" category. As an external consultant to the New Delhi Government,
suggest 5 innovative solutions to solve the “Air pollution” issue. Please make
sure that the solutions proposed by you must be concrete & must have the
capacity of creating long-term benefits to the residents & the visitors of
the city. (10 Marks)
SOLUTION
Introduction
Air pollution in Delhi has become a "chronic
issue" for a long time. As an external consultant to Delhi Government, I
need to make the following five innovative solutions while ensuring long-term
based reliance on those measures. Delhi residents are long-time sufferers,
irrespective of any demography, and subject to the country's
3. You have decided to make your
building/society/neighborhood a better place through sustainable use of
resources & green initiatives.
a.
Suggest 2 innovative green initiatives to make your
building/society/neighborhood a "green hub"(5 Marks)
SOLUTION
Introduction
As far as green
initiatives are concerned, it is not to be limited only within two innovative
initiatives, because our mother Earth needs huge initiatives for giving the
entire ecological systems more and more scopes of coming out of the curse of
"environmental disasters of different types". Green Initiatives is
the norm of the day, so should be researched, experimented and implemented
among the best of the lots.
The Sustainable
Development Goals (SDG) of the United Nations highlight the need to
b. Suggest 2 innovative ideas which
can help in better utilization of resources such as Water & Electricity to
make your building/society/neighborhood a "responsible hub"(5 Marks)
SOLUTION
Introduction
Hugh Newell Jacobsen once said,
World Cities Day-- is observed on 31st October each
year. Every year the theme is different. One among them is "Building
Sustainable and Resilient Cities" –. The theme's meaning is to push
forward fellow feelings and cooperations among countries that can meet the
opportunities and address urbanization's enormous challenges. Hundreds of
communities and cities face different challenges due to the chain reactions of
climatic changes, resulting in a natural disaster, conflicts, economic
Principles of Marketing
1. “In the modern complex and competitive environment it is crucially
important to stay afloat and stay different.” Considering the fact, if you are
in business of Haversack bags also known as Bag Packs, identify and discuss the
factors that you would consider for creating differentiation in the business?
(10 Marks)
Answer 1.
INTRODUCTION:
Product differentiation: The marketing
strategy designed to differentiate the product or service of a company from its
competitors is called product differentiation. For making the product
differentiation successful, an organization needs to communicate the unique
qualities of the product or service. It should also share the difference
between the product or service of the company and its competitors. Product
differentiation helps in building brand awareness Its
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2. M/s. Reliable Incorporates are in the business of Garment Manufacturing.
The company is known for its creative and unique designs. The company has
local, national and international presence. The product categories of the
company comprise of formals, casuals, suits, designer wears and wedding outfits
with the brand name as “RI”. M/s. Reliable Incorporates appoints you as a
consultant and wants you to guide the company on developing the new product so
that the company can be one stop shop solution in garment business. (10 Marks)
Answer 2.
INTRODUCTION:
New product: A new product is a product that is entirely new to the company
but not to the market. It means that the companies have already manufactured
the same product, but that company is manufacturing the product for the first
time. It is not a copy of a competitor's product, but the main motive is the
same.
New product development: The next step in the product planning process is product
3. M/s.
Reliable Incorporates (as given in question 2) wants you to assist in pricing
strategy and ensuring how could it reach to the clients thereby wanting to
increase the profitability of the business.
a. “Price is
the only factor that generates revenue in marketing mix, while other factors
concentrate at cost.” Understanding the fact, list down the different types of
pricing strategies and select anyone pricing strategy you advise for the
company with reasoning? (5 Marks)
Answer:
INTRODUCTION:
Pricing strategy: The value of a product or service is its price. An organization
sets the price of a product or service after specific calculations,
understanding, research, and ability to take a risk. Pricing strategy means a
strategy based on which a firm decides the price of a product or service,
taking into account different factors. These factors are the consumer's ability
to pay, market conditions, competitor's price and actions, margins, cost, and
account segments. The price set is targeted against the competitor and is for
the consumer. Pricing is an essential concept of marketing. It helps an
organization to grow and expand its business in the long
b. “For
success of any business organization, the most important factor in marketing
mix is Location, Location, Location (Place/Distribution)” Assuming the fact,
list down the various methods of channel distribution strategies and advise one
such strategy for M/s. Reliable Incorporates with appropriate views? (5 Marks)
Answer:
INTRODUCTION:
Distribution channel: It is a chain of intermediaries that distribute the product or
service to the final user of the product or service. Along with passing on the
product or service to the end-user, it also tells a path to the customers to
make payment for the product or service.
