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Commercial Banking June 2019
1. NPA have turned to be a major Stumbling Block affecting
the profitability of the Indian Banks. Discuss about NPA and the solutions that
banks could take in order to overcome this situation.
Answer:
As per Reserve Bank of India’s guidelines, income on loans is to be recognised
on receipt basis (as against accrual basis) and if it has not been received for
a specified period, the same asset is to be treated as non-performing. The
Indian banking sector is facing a serious problem of NPA. The extent of NPA is
comparatively higher in public sectors banks. To improve the efficiency and
profitability, the NPA has to be scheduled. Various steps have been taken by
government to reduce the NPA. It is highly impossible to have zero percentage
NPA but at least Indian banks can try competing with foreign banks to maintain
international standard.
These are the major factors which
are responsible for the higher non-performing assets in the banks:
1. Banks have poor credit
2. Parineeti has got her college assignment on the relevance
of Basel Norms (I, II, III) in the banking sector. She is also required to
highlight the importance on three pillars of BASEL II. Help her with the
assignment.
Answer:
Basel I Accord
The Basel Committee on banking
supervision (BCBS) had released the guidelines on capital measures and capital
standards in July 1988 which were accepted by the Central Banks in various
countries including RBI. This Accord is known as the Basel I Accord. It took
into account the elements of risk in various types of assets in the balance
sheet as well as off-balance sheet business. Essentially, under the above
system, the balance sheet assets, non-funded items and other off-balance sheet
exposures are assigned weights according to the prescribed risk weights and
banks have to maintain unimpaired minimum capital funds equivalent to the
3. a) You have recently joined a bank. Your manager asks you
to prepare a short presentation on Asset Liability Mismatch. Describe in detail
about ALM and its objectives.
3. b) As an actuarial in an insurance company, discuss how
ALM plays an important role in the banking sector.
Answer:
a) Asset Liability Mismatch is considered to be a comprehensive and dynamical
framework for measurement, monitoring and managing the market risk of the
Banks. Asset Liability Mismatch arises in the following situation: The Primary
source of funds for the banks is deposits, and most deposits have a short- to
medium-term maturities, thus need to be paid back to the investor in 3-5 years.
In comparison, the banks usually provide loans for a longer period to
borrowers. Out of them, the home loans and Infrastructure projects loans are of
longest maturity. So when a bank provides the long term loans from much shorter
maturity funds, the situation is called asset-liability mismatch. ALM creates
Risk and Risk has to be managed. This is called Asset Liability Management.
Asset Liability Management (ALM) is
a strategic plan implemented by a bank to control the variation in the interest
rate of its earnings and liabilities on assets. ALM deals with strategic
balance sheet management which involves the various risks caused due to the
changes in exchange rates and the position of liquidity,
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Consumer Behaviour
1.
A well-known international fitness company, PlanetFit, is
planning to set up gyms and yoga studios across India. Describe how PlanetFit
can apply demographics and psychographicsto plan its segmentation strategy.
Which demographic and psychographic segments shouldPlanetFit target and why? (10 Marks)
Answer: A market is composed of individuals with dissimilar needs
and wants; hence, it is called a heterogeneous market. The importance of market
segmentation is established by the fact that the buyers of a product or a
service do not belong to the homogenous group. In reality, every buyer has got
specific needs, preferences, resources, and behaviours. Since it is almost
impossible to cater to every customer’s individual characteristics, marketers
group customers to market segments on the basis of the variables they have in
common.
Market segmentation is not only designed to identify the most profitable
segments, but also to develop profiles of key segments in order to better
understand their needs and
2. What are the steps
in the consumer decision-making journey? Describe your decision making journey
for the following products:
a.
Sugar
b.
Men’s aftershave lotion
c.
Smartphone
Answer:
INTRODUCTION
Each individual is a consumer. Consumers consume different product and
services according to their needs, preferences and buying power. They consume
perishable items, durable goods, specialty goods or industrial goods. Consumers
have a wide number of alternative suppliers for the goods, they need. Consumers
differ in their age, income, education and occupation. They consume different
products and services. The consumer goes through a process in which he decides
which product to purchase is known as consumers’ decision-making journey.
There are 5 steps in a consumer
3.
a) What are reference groups? List and discuss 2 groups that
influence your purchases.
Answer:
Reference Groups: It can be two or more
people who interact to accomplish individual or mutual goals. These groups
influence a person’s behaviour. The reference groups can be further categorized
into a number of other groups. Some are primary groups includes family,
friends, neighbours and coworkers. Some are secondary groups, which are more
formal and have less regular interaction. These include organizations like
religious groups, professional association and trade unions. Groups that have a
direct influence and to which a person belongs are called membership groups.
Groups that influence
3.
b) Explain Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Develop an ad
campaign for Running shows,appealing to the self-esteem need level. (5 Marks)
Answer: The hierarchy of needs proposed by Abraham H. Maslow is
perhaps the best known and is a good guide to general behaviour. Maslow
classified needs into five groupings, ranking in order of importance from
low-level (biogenic) needs to higher-level (psychogenic) needs. He also
suggested the degree to which
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Corporate finance June 2019
1. Hyperlocal startups had a maximum pie of the private
equity and venture capital (PE/VC) funding last year. Discuss how arranging
venture capital from the venture capitalist differs from Equity financing.
Answer: Venture Capital Financing
Venture capital (VC) is an important
source of finance for small and medium-sized businesses, which do not have
suitable avenues to raise funds.
Venture capital is a broad term
which refers to partnerships, investment funds, and divisions of large
corporations whose focus is on investing in startup companies. The objective is
to promote the growth of industries in India and globally by encouraging
investment in high growth companies.
Venture capitalist consists of
professionals of various fields such as institutional investors, venture
capital firms, angel groups, banks, incubators, corporate advisors, government
bodies, accountants, lawyers, academic institutions and
2. The finance department of Parshwanath Corporation
gathered following information-
The carrying cost per unit of inventory is Rs10
The cost per order is Rs20
The number of units required is 50000 per year
The variable cost per unit ordered is Rs5
The purchase price per unit is Rs50
Define the concept of EOQ, its relevance, determine the EOQ
and the time gap between two orders.
Answer: EOQ
Economic order quantity (EOQ) refers
to the optimal order size that will result in the lowest ordering and carrying
costs for an item of inventory based on its expected usage. EOQ model answers
the following key quantum of inventory management.
●
What should be the
quantity ordered for each replenishment of stock?
●
How many orders are to
be placed in a year to ensure effective inventory management?
EOQ is defined as the order quantity
that minimises the total cost associated with inventory management.
Assumptions of EOQ model
●
Constant or uniform demand: The demand or usage is even through-out the
period
●
Known demand or usage: Demand or usage for a given period is known
i.e. deterministic
● Constant
unit price: Per unit
3. The expected cash flows of a project are as follows
YEAR
|
CASH FLOW
|
0
|
-150000
|
1
|
20000
|
2
|
30000
|
3
|
40000
|
4
|
50000
|
5
|
30000
|
The cost of capital is 12% Discuss and Calculate
a. NPV for the project
b. Future value of benefits when compounded @12 %
Answer: a) The
net present value (NPV) method is the classic economic method of evaluating the
investment proposals. It is a DCF technique that explicitly recognizes the time
value of money. It correctly postulates that cash flows arising at different
time periods differ in value and are comparable only when their
equivalents—present values—are found out. The following steps are involved in
the calculation of NPV:
•
Cash flows of the investment
project should be forecasted based on realistic assumptions.
•
Appropriate discount
rate
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Cost and management accounting June 2019
1. The roles and responsibilities of accounts manager are
different from cost manager as both the types of accounting differs from each
other. Prepare a presentation highlighting the points of difference between
financial accounting and cost accounting.
Answer: Financial accounting
Financial accounting is the
preparation and communication of financial information to outsiders such as
creditors, bankers, government, customers and so on. Another objective of
financial accounting is to give complete picture of the enterprise to
shareholders. Accountancy refers to a systematic knowledge of accounting. It
explains ‘why to do’ and ‘how to do’ of various aspects of accounting. It tells
us why and how to prepare the books of accounts and how to summarize the accounting
information and communicate it to the interested parties. Accounting means:
●
Recording of
transactions which can be expressed in terms of money. The recording is made as
soon as a transaction takes place and in an orderly manner.
●
Classifying of the recorded
data by grouping the similar nature of transactions.
●
Summarising the
information at the end of the financial period, generally, a year.
●
Interpreting of the
summarised data for forming judgements and formulating future policies.
Different categories of users need
different kinds of information for making decisions. These users can be divided
into:
1.
Internal Users: These
are the persons who manage the
2.
2. Discuss any five costs other than the accounting costs,
with suitable example, which are usually taken into consideration by managers
for financial decision making.
Answer: Cost is
the amount of resources given up in exchange of some goods and services. The
resources are expressed in money or money’s equivalent. CIMA defines the term
cost as “the amount of expenditure (actual or notional) incurred on or
attributable to a given thing”. The given thing may be taken as a product,
service or any other activity. While the actual expenditure refers to the
amount spent, the notional expenditure does not involve in any cash outlay. It
does not reflect itself in the accounting records. But, it is important for the
purpose of comparison of cost and in decision making.
Objective of Costing
It aims to serve the information
needs of management for planning, control and decision making.
●
It helps to determine
product cost. They are important in inventory valuation, decision regarding
pricing of the product.
● It facilitates planning and control of regular
business activities. Different alternative plans are evaluated in terms of
respective
●
●
3. The following information is available about a product
for the month of June 2019.
Material Purchased 24000
kgs @ 105600
Material consumed 22800
kgs
Actual wages paid for 5940 hours Rs 29700
Units produced 2160
Standard rates and prices are as follows
Direct material cost Rs4
per unit
Direct labour cost Rs4
per hour
Standard input 10kg
for one unit
Based on the data and information, calculate relevant
a. Material variances
b. Labour variances
Answer: Material variances:
Material cost variance:
This is the difference between the standard cost of materials laid down for the
output and the actual cost of materials used. A favorable variance would result
if actual cost is less than the standard cost and vice versa. The material cost
variance is the sum total of material price variance and material usage
variance.
Material cost variance = Standard cost of materials – Actual
cost of materials used
OR
Material cost variance = (std.qty*std. price) – (Actual
qty*Actual price)
= (2160*4*10) – (22800*4.40)
= 86400 – 100320
= 13920 A
Material
price variance: This is the difference between the
standard price of the material used and the actual price of material used. A
favorable variance would result if the actual price is less than the standard
price and vice ITS
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Course: International
Business June 2019
1.
Hojibo and Go-on-tour are the two biggest Online Travel
Aggregators in the Indian landscape. Stiff competition and excessive cash burn
made them come together by merging both the companies and forming a new entity
called Ho-GOT. You are the Chief Human Resource Officer (CHRO) of the Group
Company. Founders of Hojibo and Go-on-Tour decided to build a new culture in
Ho-GOT which would be different from both the earlier companies and thus
entrusted you with this task. Being the CHRO you are aware that this would
require huge cultural change in the organization.
Discuss
the various phases involved in the cultural change of an organization. Also
elaborate some of the factors that facilitate cultural change in an
organization.
(10 Marks)
Answer:
Cultural
change in an organization seldom occurs quickly and often the culture ends up
changing (or replacing) corporate leaders. A leader’s greatest challenge can be
to change an organization’s culture but it has a powerful influence on a
company’s success.
Changing
your organization’s culture is no different from changing how your organization
performs. It requires intentional definition of, communication of and
accountability for your company’s:
§
Purpose: The reason
you are in business.
§
Deliverables:
Your committment to high-quality products and services.
§
Culture: Values you
stand for and live by daily with stakeholders, peers and customers.
Corporate
culture is the most important driver of what happens in organizations, and
senior leaders are the most important driver of their
2.
RV Shoes is a dominant player in domestic footwear market.
Mr. Singh is the owner of the company and a first generation entrepreneur. He
now wants to go global with his brand but is not sure of the ways to enter
International Market. Discuss the various ways to enter International Market
and explain the pros and cons of each way which would help Mr. Singh to devise
his strategy.
(10 Marks)
Answer: Entry mode is the way by
which a firm makes its goods or services available in a foreign market. The
entry mode is important as it determines the degree of an enterprise’s control
over the international marketing mix and to some extent, the degree of its commitment
in the target market. An enterprise always strives hard to select the best
entry mode so that it can fit in the entire international mix.
Market entry strategy is a key component of the international
marketing plan of a company. The mode of market entry is
3. Hodrej is in the business of manufacturing and selling home
safes. Business Head of Hodrej wants to promote his products in international
market.
a.
Being the Marketing Manager for Hodrej briefly explain the
steps involved in international marketing process.
Answer: The
international marketing process comprises of five steps which marketers have to
take as part of theirintegrated marketing effort;
1. Analyzing
international marketing opportunities to identify unfulfilled or under
fulfilled needs
that a marketer may satisfy through its products or services. This analysis can be done through
information seeking and analysis or through market research (secondary or primary data
collection and analysis). A marketer may have a product or service concept developed first and
looks for the needs in the market that can be
that a marketer may satisfy through its products or services. This analysis can be done through
information seeking and analysis or through market research (secondary or primary data
collection and analysis). A marketer may have a product or service concept developed first and
looks for the needs in the market that can be
b. As the Product Head for Hodrej you have been entrusted
with the task to devise pricing strategy for your products to maximize sales
and profits. Describe some of the commonly used international pricing
strategies which could be used to achieve your marketing goal and objectives.
Answer: International Pricing Strategies
As a part of the pricing strategy, the export price
quotations may not be the same for all markets. Prices may differ from market
to market due to various reasons, namely, openness of the market, political
influence, buying capacity, financial and import facilities, total market size
and other pricing and non-pricing factors, etc., in order to make the local
price of the product competitive.
Thus, different strategies may be used in different markets.
Pricing strategies employed in different markets may include the
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Marketing of financial services June
2019
1. Develop a Service Marketing Mix (using 8 Ps) for an Asset
Management Company (Mutual Fund) of your choice.
Answer:
All the 8 Ps of service marketing mix
have been discussed as follows:
1. Product: This P is concerned with the product or the actual essence
of the service. It could be financial assistance, medical aid, a restaurant and
so on.
2. Price: The pricing of the service should be determined after a
thorough study of the market as well as the paying capacity of the target
customer.
3. Promotion: Promotion of services is essential also because the
product here is intangible and relies heavily on correct and effective
communication with the customer.
4. Place (distribution): This P is concerned with the delivery
channels or the distribution of the service being provided.
5. People: The right people need to be used for providing a particular
service. The right skill set and the right
2. One of your clients wants to apply for a Home Loan in the
next 12 to 18 months. Few years back the client had lost his job and delayed
his credit card payments. The client is worried that this may impact his credit
score maintained by Credit Bureaus. Suggest a roadmap to your client to improve
his credit score.
Answer:
Credit is an agreement of payment when a consumer borrows money from a lender
and promises to pay it back at a later period of time. Over the last few years
there has been a huge growth in consumer credit. It has become a major
contributor to the improved standard of living of the consumers. It helps
consumers to purchase commodities such as automobiles and pricey retail items
for which they might not sufficient cash on hand. The improvements in
technology have resulted in the increased usage of credit cards, which are now
accepted as a feasible alternative for cash and an accepted mode of payment.
The use of credit cards eliminates
the usage of cash while shopping, travelling, purchasing or renting vehicles
and other forms of entertainment. Consumer credit facilitates consumers to
access money in emergency situations like illness, unexpected family functions,
and sudden break down of vehicle or home appliances. Consumer credit allows you
to enjoy the goods and services even though your income is less. This can tempt
you to overspend on things that may not be necessary. If you are not following
your budget plan strictly you might end up in the serious trouble of being in
debt.
Before applying for a consumer loan,
you have to make sure that you are able to meet all the essential needs and
still
3. You are a Financial Planner. Your client Raj Shah aged 36
years works with a Pharmaceutical company. His wife Pooja works part time with
a NGO. They have one daughter Ritu aged 4 years. The couple requires your help
to make some financial decisions. (You can make any assumptions to further
build up your case.)
a. Raj wants to buy a Pure Risk Life Insurance cover. He is
confused whether he should buy a ULIP, Endowment or a Term Plan. Recommend the
product best suited for him giving valid reasons.
b. Raj and Pooja want your help to invest for Ritu’s higher
education which they estimate would be required after 15 years.
Answer:
a) Life Insurance is an agreement providing for payment of a sum of money to
the person secured. You require life insurance only if someone relies on you
for help and support. Your life insurance premium depends on the type of
insurance you take, the amount you pay for it and your chance of death while
the policy is in effect.
There are different types of life insurance schemes in India.
These include:
Term life insurance: Under a Term life contract, the insurance company pays a
specific amount to the designated receiver in case of the death of the insured.
These policies are usually for 5, 10, 15, 20 or 30 years. Term life insurance
was popular in advanced countries. In India, these policies are becoming
popular after the entrance of the private operators. The premium on such type
of policies is moderately quite low when compared with other types of life
insurance policies, mainly because of the fact that these policies do not have
cash value and so it does not takes care of the savings aspects.
Unit linked insurance plan (ULIP): Unit linked insurance plan (ULIP)
is a life insurance solution that provides for the benefits of risk protection
and flexibility in investment. The investment is signified as units and is
represented by the Net Asset Value (NAV). The policy value at any time varies
according to the value of the underlying assets at that time. The returns in a
ULIP depend upon the
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