Course: Business Communication
Internal Assignment Applicable for April
2020 (last date 28 March 2020) Examination
Q1. The Alpha Plus Project that your
company has been working relentlessly for is unfortunately being cancelled due
to competition concerns and the state of the national economy. You, as the
Project Lead, are to write an email to the employees working on the Alpha Plus
Project. Since this is a case of negative news that might come as a shock to
your employees, you decide to start the email with an effective buffer. What is
a buffer? What are the different types of buffers? Give examples of any 4
buffers you might use in the above situation.
Ans: Buffers are the first tool business writers use to soften
the blow of the message by doing things such as introducing the best news first
or complimenting the reader.
Example: Your company has my sincere admiration for the charitable
effort you’ve put forth this holiday season.
Cushion the Bad News: Place the bad news tactfully after
the buffer and before a positive closing to lessen the affect. If the bad news
is sandwiched between two positives, the reader is less likely to dwell on the
negative.
Be Empathetic: Understand where the reader is
coming from and do so sincerely. This concept is also included in the audience
analysis stage of the 3×3 Writing Process, but it cannot be emphasized
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Q2. Convert the following sentences
from active voice to passive voice. Discuss which sentence version is more
effective.
a) We cannot authorize the repair of
your Smart TV since you have allowed the warranty
period to expire.
b) I cannot give you a cash refund
for items that you purchased over 60 days ago.
c) Hinduja Hospital does not accept
patients who are not members.
d) You must submit all reports by
Friday 5 PM.
e) You added the 2 columns instead
of subtracting them, thus producing the incorrect total.
Ans: Verbs may also be classified as
‘active verbs’ and ‘passive verbs.’ Using the ‘active voice’ means that the
subject is the doer of the action and that the verb is active. On the other
hand, a sentence in ‘passive voice’ means that the subject is the receiver of
the action and that the verb is passive. For example consider the following
sentences:
1. John ‘wrote’ the report. (Active voice)
2. The report ‘was written’ by John. (Passive voice)
Note that in the first sentence, the use of the active voice
draws attention to the doer of the action namely ‘John’. This gives a sharper
picture to the receiver of the message. In the second sentence, the subject,
i.e., the ‘report’, is emphasised more than the doer of the action, giving a
less clear picture to the receiver.
In most cases, the active voice is preferable to the
passive, since it conveys ideas more vividly. However, there are instances when
use of the passive voice is more appropriate. They are as follows:
●
When the doer of the action has to be subordinated, rather than
highlighted – For example, this is the case when writing research reports. It
is more important to emphasise what
3. You have just finished drafting a
proposal for a coveted project. You want to make sure that you haven’t
overlooked anything.
a. What are the different
proofreading techniques you’d employ to make sure your proposal is error-free?
b. How would you make sure your
proposal is readable? Name 2 Readability Indices you
could use.
Answer: a) Proofreading is the process of carefully reviewing a
text for errors, especially surface errors such as spelling, punctuation,
grammar, formatting, and typing errors. If you don’t proofread your work, you
might write “ham” instead of “harm” and confuse your reader. By the time you
proofread a piece of writing, it should be almost done. It’s the very last step
of the writing process after drafting, editing, and revising.
Different techniques of proofreading
●
Double-check
high-priority items: Double-check the spelling of names and the accuracy of dates,
addresses, and any number that could cause grief if incorrect (such as telling
a potential employer that you’d be happy to work for $5,000 a year when you
meant to say $50,000). These items are very important by nature and even a
small mistake can impact any organization badly. If you are checking anything
twice then chances of possible errors are almost eliminated.
●
Give yourself some
distance: If possible, don’t
proofread immediately after finishing a document; let your mind
Course: Business Ecomomics
Internal Assignment Applicable for April
2020 (last date 28 March 2020) Examination
1. The concept of elasticity for
demand is importance for determining the prices of various factors of
production. Discuss the various factors that influences the price elasticity of
demand.
Answer: The term elasticity is borrowed from physics. It shows the
reaction of one variable with respect to a change in other variables on which
it is dependent. Elasticity is an index of reaction.
In economics the term elasticity refers to a ratio of the
relative changes in two quantities. It measures the responsiveness of one
variable to the changes in another variable.
Elasticity of demand is generally defined as the
responsiveness or sensitiveness of demand to a given change in the price of a
commodity. It refers to the capacity of demand either to stretch or shrink to a
given change in price. Elasticity of demand indicates a ratio of relative
changes in two quantities.ie, price and demand. According to prof. Boulding.
“Elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of demand to changes in
price” 1 In the words of Marshall,” The elasticity (or responsiveness) of
demand in a market is great or small according to the amount demanded much or
little for a given fall in price, and diminishes much or little for a given
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2. Complete the hypothetical table
below and explain in brief, the behaviour of each type of cost.
|
Quantity
|
Total Fixed Cost
|
Total Variable Cost
|
Total Cost
|
Average Fixed Cost
|
Average Variable Cost
|
Total Cost
|
Marginal Cost
|
|
0
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
25
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
40
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
50
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
60
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5
|
100
|
80
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
110
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7
|
|
150
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
300
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9
|
|
500
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10
|
|
900
|
|
|
|
|
|
Answer: Fixed Cost
refers to total money expenses incurred on fixed inputs like plant, machinery,
tools & equipments in the short run. Total fixed cost corresponds to the
fixed inputs in the short run production function. TFC remains the same at all
levels of output in the short run. It is the same when output is nil. It
indicates that whatever may be the quantity of output, whether 1 to 6 units,
TFC remains constant. The TFC curve is horizontal and parallel to OX-axis,
showing that it is constant regardless of out put per unit of time. TFC starts
from a point on Y-axis indicating that the total fixed cost will be incurred
even if the output is
3. Demand forecasting in an
organisations plays a vital role in business organisations. It provides
reasonable data for the organization's capital investment and expansion
decision.
a. Keeping the above statement in consideration.
Discuss the various steps involved in demand forecasting
b. Discuss the various needs for
demand forecasting in business organisations?
Answer: a) Demand forecasting seeks to investigate and measure the
forces that determine sales for existing and new products. Generally, companies
plan their business - production or sales in anticipation of future demand.
Hence forecasting future demand becomes important. The art of successful
business lies in avoiding or minimizing the risks involved as far as possible
and face the uncertainties in a most befitting manner. Thus Demand Forecasting refers to an estimation of
most likely
Course: Corporate social responsibility
Internal Assignment Applicable for April
2020 (last date 28 March 2020) Examination
1. Select any listed Indian or
International Public Limited Company and list down its CSR activities. Also
provide any 3 alternative CSR activities that the company should implement.
Answer: Organizations in India are quite sensible in taking up CSR
initiatives and combining them into their business processes. It has become
projected in the Indian corporate setting because organizations have recognized
that besides growing their businesses, it is also important to shape
responsible and supportable relationships with the community at large.
Companies now have specific departments and teams that develop specific
policies, strategies, and goals for their CSR programs and set separate budgets
to support them. Most of the time, these programs are based on well-defined
social beliefs or are carefully aligned with the companies’ business
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2. Assume you plan to develop and
implement one of the CSR activities in the organization, explain the steps that
you would follow for CSR development and implementation strategy in the
organization.
Answer: We know that, external stakeholders of an organization are
too many and varied and many of them represent different sections or social
groups. This implies that organizations should be socially responsible; that
is, in addition to the interests of the shareholders, businesses or companies
should also serve the society. This is corporate social responsibility (CSR).
Corporate social responsibility can be defined as the alignment of business
operations with social values. Worldwide, companies are trying to integrate
corporate social responsibility into their business operations and strategies.
Microsoft, Coca-Cola, McDonald’s, FedEx, IBM and Johnson & Johnson are some
of the leading companies. In India also, many companies are
3. a. “It is the government’s job to
do CSR activities and corporates should focus their attention on Profit” and
“Companies should only focus on profit”. Explain your view point on both these
statements.
3. b. Explain at least 4 voluntary
Codes of CSR that you would want an organization to apply. Explain the reasons
for your selection.
Answer: a) I do not agree with both the statements as it is the
combined duty of government and companies to do CSR activities and make our
country good. If companies will only focus on profit then many important
factors will be neglected by them like environmental sustainability, local
community help, need of education, employment for poor etc. There are many big
companies which are earning billions of rupees every year so it is absolutely
fine if these companies spend some amount of their profit for the betterment of
the society. Yes main responsibility lies with government only but it also
needs support which can be provided by corporates of our country. All the
stakeholders of the company should work together to ensure an inclusive growth.
Moreover , the companies are taking so much from the society
through fair/unfair means it is their moral and now(after the CSR law) legal
duty to give something back to the society and such a meagre amount is not
going to hurt to such large companies.
Instead if CSR is used strategically and pragmatically it
Course: INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR MANAGERS
Internal Assignment Applicable for April
2020 (last date 28 March 2020) Examination
1. Pais Industries Limited operates
in five business verticals viz. engineering, construction, instrumentation,
software services, and consumer electronics. Its Corporate Information
Technology Division (CITD) is looking for adopting cloud and has invited you to
provide recommendation for cloud deployment model. You are required to provide
a brief report explaining pros and cons of each cloud deployment model and
recommend the most appropriate deployment model.
Answer: The Cloud in terms of computer networks and its associated
technology supports delivering resources such as computing and storage to
customers on demand. Rather than being a new technology in itself, the cloud is
a new business model wrapped around new technologies such as server
virtualization that take advantage of economies of scale and multi-tenancy to
reduce the cost of using information technology resources. One of the primary
uses of cloud computing is for data storage. With cloud storage, data is stored
on multiple third-party servers, rather than on the dedicated servers used in
traditional networked data storage.
Advantages of cloud computing
●
Speed: The increase in speed
comes because programmes that were previously installed on your computer using
up memory and occupying the processor are now offloaded. With Cloud Computing
services are delivered via a web browser and the heavy lifting is done by the
servers of the company providing the service with your computer simply
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2. With the number of transactions
increasing online daily, cyber-crime is gaining foothold. Individuals and
organizations need to take measures to ensure that they do not fall prey to
such vicious activities. Cybercriminals have found different ways in which they
can cause harm to the users. Give two examples of any organizations being prey
to cyber-crime in 2019.
Answer: There are various
types of vulnerabilities and security challenges that can affect an
organization’s information system are:
●
Unauthorized access
●
Tapping, sniffing, message alteration, theft and fraud etc
●
Hacking, Viruses and worms, vandalism and denial of service
●
Data theft, data copying, alteration of data etc
In order to safeguard against all
above mentioned vulnerabilities following techniques should be in place:
Identity management: Identity management (ID
management) is the organizational process for identifying, authenticating and
authorizing individuals or groups of people to have access to applications,
systems or networks by associating user rights and restrictions with
established identities. The managed identities can also refer to software
processes that need access to organizational systems. Only the identified,
authenticated and authorised employees should have access to the critical
information.
Firewalls and antivirus system: A firewall is an access control
device that sits between two networks or two network segments. It filters all
traffic between the protected or "inside" network and a less
trustworthy or "outside" network or segment. The purpose of a
firewall is to keep "bad" things outside a
3. The Sadpat Group started
operations in the year 1992 with a vision to provide unparalleled quality
service to a spectrum of Maritime and Oil & Gas Industry. Sadpat is now one
of the major players in Dry Docking and Ship Repair in India. Sadpat has also
become a formidable group in providing offshore logistics to support the Oil
and Gas industry. Recently a company that makes ERP software has approached
them to provide a complete solution so that it can integrate its business
processes. They wish to invest in a solution which will enable them to manage
all their activities namely offshore engineering, offshore logistics, coastal
logistics and port services, dry docking and ship repairs and inland waterways.
a. What are the benefits of
implementing an ERP software that the software company needs to highlight?
b. In your opinion, what challenges
do you think Sadpat may face while implementing an ERP package?
Answer: a) Enterprise Resource Planning: It is integrated cross
functional software that reengineers manufacturing, distribution, finance,
human resources and other basic business processes of a company to improve its
efficiency, agility and profitability. ERP is built with a vision to providing
businesses with an integrated information system. ERP software consists of
integrated modules that give a company a real-time cross functional view of its
core-business processes such as production, order processing and sales and its
resources such as cash, raw materials, production capacity and people.
Best Practices were also a benefit of implementing an ERP
system. When implementing an ERP system, organizations essentially had to
choose between customizing the software and modifying their business processes
to the "Best Practice" function delivered in the vanilla version of
the software.
Benefits of implementing ERP system
Course: MANAGEMENT THEORY AND PRACTICE
Internal Assignment Applicable for April
2020 (last date 28 March 2020) Examination
Raj is working as a consultant in an
MNC M/s Swadeshi ltd. that deals with Fast Moving Consumer Products. Raj has
been appointed by the directors of the organisation. The company wants Raj to
take care of a few problematic areas that the company is facing currently. The
following issues are being faced by the organisation:
a) Excessive internal communication
- The Company has opened multiple channels of communication for its employees.
They can communicate with each other via Email, WhatsApp for Business, Internal
Messenger, SMS, etc. The same message gets posted on multiple platforms and in
the process the employees waste lots of time in checking notifications and then
replying.
b) The employees are involved in
taking lots of print outs for all the documents even if it's not required. This
is adding a lot of cost and it has an adverse environmental impact.
c) The employees believe in individual
achievement and growth but lack the quality of working in a team. The
coordination among employees from various departments is missing.
d) There are some employees who are
reporting to two or three bosses and it leads lot of chaos in work completion.
e) The employees have this habit of
ordering every organisational requirement two months in advance. This adds to a
lot of cost of holding inventory.
1. Suggest solutions to Raj to
handle various problems that exist in the organisation.
Answer: Formally defined, an organisation is a social system of
people who are structured and managed to meet some goals. Organisations are
ongoing and the structure determines the relationship between the functions and
positions. Structure also subdivides roles, responsibilities, and authority to
carry out the tasks. Organisations are open systems which are affected by the
environment outside its boundary.
M/S Swadeshi Limited is facing several issues in managing
the day to day activities at the workplace and looking to find solutions for
the same by asking Raj, the consultant of the company. If I have to suggest
solutions to Raj, I will discuss with him on the above issues and suggest the
possible
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2. M/s Swadeshi Ltd is facing an
issue of non-motivated employees. There is no motivation among employees to
work, no one takes initiatives. Employees feel that their work never gets
recognised and rewarded. Explain various ways to motivate the employees of the
organisation.
Answer: Motivation is “the process that account for an
individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a
goal.” Intensity is concerned with how hard a person tries. This is the element
most of us focus on when we talk about motivation. Direction is the orientation
that benefits the organisation. And persistence is a measure of how long a
person can maintain his/her effort. Motivated
3. a. Explain the change management
process that M/s Swadeshi Ltd should follow to improve the functioning of the
organisation.
3. b. An autocratic leader at the
top makes employees feel unsecured. The CEO never consults the team for taking
decisions. Explain with reason, the leadership style that will be suitable for
M/s Swadeshi Limited.
Answer: a) Change
management process
Create urgency: For change to happen, the
organisation should feel a need and feel that this need is urgent. This is true
at all levels. many organisations where fundamental changes have taken place
did so after someone, usually the CEO and the top management team, created a
sense of urgency for it.
Form a powerful coalition: Do generals go to war alone? Can
you go into change alone? This is where the need for a strong leadership who is
courageous enough to enlist the support of several top managers matter. You
have to be at the forefront of it all to get the support of the people. In
other words, you cannot manage change, you have to lead it.
Create a vision for change: People, whether employees or
family members, want to know two things – What is it and why is it. If they are
convinced of these, then they perhaps accept the ‘how’ of it that you might
dictate to
Course: ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
Internal Assignment Applicable for April
2020 (last date 28 March 2020) 9 Examination
1. Joey works for a media company as
a project coordinator. His boss, Ross is not sensitive and wants every chore to
be done according to his way without even considering team’s perspective. If
Joey commits any insignificant mistake, then also he is reprimanded in front of
the entire team. Ross wants Joey to stay late beyond office hours, even when
his work is complete. Considering this situation explain the pitfalls in
leadership shown by Ross.
Answer: According to Koontz and O’Donnell “Leadership is the
process of influencing others towards the accomplishment of the goal. It is the
ability of a manager to induce subordinates to work with zeal and confidence”.
In other words we can say that leadership is a process which influences people
to work for the fulfilment of the goal. Every leader is known by his followers
so leaders continuously influence the behavior of the followers.
A leader performs various functions while motivating people
towards achieving organizational goals. A Leader helps in creating a healthy
environment so that employees can work with efficiency. He is the
representative of the group. Leaders also act as counsellors who listen to
their subordinates,
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2. As Organisational behaviour is
gaining importance in this world of disruptive technology and constant changes.
Several challenges have also been posed. As a coin has two sides; challenges
also brings in a lot of opportunities. Analyse the contemporary situation and
list down some opportunities and challenges of OB
Answer: Organizational Behavior (OB) is the study and application
of knowledge about how people, individually and groups behave as individuals as
well as in groups in the organizations. Its main purpose is to build better
relationships by achieving individual objectives, group objectives,
organizational objectives and at last, social objectives. Talcott Parsons
defines organization as, “a social unit which is deliberately constructed and
reconstructed to seek
3. Case:
Kushal is a trainer for Yummy Tummy
a home grown brand, in FMCG business. He is very hard working and did
brilliantly with the managers on their writing and helped them to feel more
confident about it. Kushal worked with top executives as well as the shop floor
level. He then realized that teaching and training people at ground level was
his calling. Kushal was one of the top paid employees. Kushal met Mark, his
superior and explained to him that he wanted to be associated in teaching and
training only the ground level employees as there is a huge gap and area of
improvement. He also agreed to work on reduced salary and started offering
language classes as an add on benefit to the trainees. It was noticed that in
due course of the time their productivity increased and some of them even began
to apply for supervisory positions.
Case Questions
a. Which Content theories of
motivation would explain why Kushal was unhappy despite his high income?
b. Kushal seems to have drifted into
being a teacher. Given his needs and motivations, do you think teaching is an
appropriate profession for him?
Answer: a) Motivation is “the process that account for an
individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a
goal.” Intensity is concerned with how hard a person tries. This is the element
most of us focus on when we talk about motivation. Direction is the orientation
that benefits the organisation. And persistence is a measure of how long a
person can maintain his/her effort. Motivated individuals stay with a task long
enough to achieve their goal.
Content theory of motivation
applicable in this case
McClelland’s (1961) theory
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